How Do Suppressors Work? | Parts And Gears | Gun Carrier

How do suppressors work? Read on to find out more about the mechanics, physics, and makeup of firearm silencers, plus regulations for carriers!

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How Do Suppressors Work? | The Science Behind Silencers

Suppressors 101

Suppressors are covered by the National Firearms Act (NFA). This document defines what a silencer or suppressor is.

If you have never read any kind of federal rule such as the NFA, it will give you a headache, so I'll give you the gist.

Section 2.1.7 of the NFA defines a silencer as follows:

A firearm silencer and a firearm muffler are defined as any device for silencing, muffling, or diminishing the report of a portable firearm. Firearm silencers are generally composed of an outer tube, internal baffles, a front end cap, and a rear end cap.

The document goes on to say, “The definition of a silencer also includes any combination of parts, designed or redesigned, and intended for use in assembling or fabricating a firearm silencer or firearm muffler.”

This simply means that any piece or part you use to make or repair a suppressor is a suppressor you can control just like a full-functioning suppressor.

At the federal level, anyone can own a suppressor if they meet the basic rules, fill out the forms, get the local Police chief or sheriff to sign off on it, and pay the $200 tax. However, many state suppressor laws do not allow an individual to own a suppressor (see below).

The Basic (Federal) Rules for Suppressors and Silencers

• Must be 21 years old when purchasing from a dealer
• Typically, if you can buy a handgun, you can buy a silencer
• Must have no convictions for a felony or pleaded guilty to domestic violence charge(s)
• Must be a United States Citizen

The following states allow civilian ownership of silencers:

• Alabama
• Alaska
• Arizona
• Arkansas
• Colorado
• Connecticut
• Florida
• Georgia
• Idaho
• Indiana
• Kentucky
• Louisiana
• Maine
• Maryland
• Massachusetts
• Montana
• Nebraska
• Nevada
• New Hampshire
• New Mexico
• North Carolina
• Ohio
• Oklahoma
• Oregon
• Pennsylvania
• South Carolina
• South Dakota
• Tennessee
• Texas
• Utah
• Vermont
• Virginia
• Washington (allows possession but not use)
• Wisconsin
• Wyoming

If your state isn't listed here, you will not be able to own a silencer.

Once a suppressor is transferred to you, you can’t loan it to a friend, and you can’t take it out of the state you live in unless you do the correct paperwork.

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How Suppressors Really Work

To put it simply, a suppressor is a muffler for your firearm, and it works just like the muffler on your car.

A suppressor design redirects and slows down the high-pressure gas from firing the weapon. It is made out of just about anything, but it is usually a tube you attach to the barrel of a firearm.

This tube has holes in it to redirect the gas to a series of baffles or chambers. It then bleeds off the gases into the chambers and slows them down, thus reducing the sound of the shot.

The tube and baffles would be in an enclosure, or “can”, which can be made out of high-tech materials like carbon fiber and titanium. Or, as low-tech as a 2-liter soda bottle with some water in it.

You can purchase a suppressor from a Class III FFL for a couple of hundred dollars to several thousand dollars, plus the $200 tax stamp.

As long as you follow the rules, you can make your own. But remember, once you do that, you open yourself up to inspections by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives.

As mentioned above, any part of a suppressor is a suppressor.

What to Expect in Suppressors

One thing to keep in mind is that a suppressor does not make firing a weapon completely silent. But it will reduce the sound's signature to the point where you don’t need earplugs and muffs.

Hearing protection is still a must for prolonged exposure. As an example, a.22LR makes about 160 dB.

With a good suppressor, you might be able to reduce that to about 120 dB. Besides the sound made by the explosion and expanding gas, the bullet itself will make noise as it goes supersonic.

Using sub-sonic ammunition will fix this problem, but keep in mind that in a semi-automatic, a sub-sonic round may not have enough energy to cycle the action.

Suppressed Weapons

Over the years, suppressors have been subjected in movies and television by good guys and bad guys. They come with all kinds of firearms using a closed bolt with the mechanics for suppression.

My definition of a closed bolt is a firearm where the firing chamber is sealed. This can be a semi-auto, single-shot, bolt-action, handgun, rifle, shotgun, or machine gun.

The Mosin Nagant M1895 Revolver

Contrary to what they show in older television shows and movies, a revolver cannot be fully suppressed. The gap between the cylinder and the barrel allows expanding gas to escape, which defeats the purpose of a suppressor.

There is, however, one revolver that can be suppressed, and that is the Mosin Nagant M1895 revolver. It has a 7.62×38mmR chamber and features a very unusual “gas-seal” system.

That is when the cylinder moves forward when you cock your gun, thus sealing the gap between the cylinder and the barrel. Among other things, this allows the weapon to be suppressed.

My research shows that this is the only mass-produced revolver that can be suppressed.

Bottomline

Assassins and spies with licenses to kill use suppressors. However, changing gun silencer laws around the county are making the use of a suppressor for hunting and target shooting more commonplace.

As their use becomes more accepted, the number of manufacturers and the quality go up while the price goes down.

Check out this video from SilencerCo on how a silencer is made, specifically the SILENCERCO SAKER 5.56:

How do suppressors work? It's probably the first question a lot of gun newbies ask. This is likely because suppressors or silencers are the stuff of movies and TV for so long.

Because of that, there are a lot of misconceptions about what a suppressor is, the legalities of owning one, and the science behind them.

This article should clear all that up and we hope it gave you a solid background in suppressor tech and application.

Have you tried using suppressors before? How was your experience? Share them in the comment section below!

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Editor’s Note: This post was originally published on March 23, 2015, and has been updated for quality and relevancy.